Campephilus

Campephilus
	Pale-billed woodpecker (Campephilus guatemalensis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Piciformes
Family:	Picidae
Tribe:	Campephilini
Genus:	Campephilus; G.R. Gray, 1840
Type species
	Picus principalis; Linnaeus, 1758
Species
	see text

Campephilus is a genus of large American woodpeckers in the family Picidae.^[2]

Taxonomy

The genus Campephilus was introduced by English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1840, with the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) as the type species.^[3] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kampē meaning "caterpillar" and philos meaning "loving".^[4] The genus is placed in the tribe Campephilini in the subfamily Picinae and is sister to a clade containing woodpeckers from Southeast Asia in the genera Chrysocolaptes, Blythipicus, and Reinwardtipicus.^[5]

The genus contains 12 species:^[6]

Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution	IUCN status
Powerful woodpecker	Campephilus pollens	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela	LC
Splendid woodpecker	Campephilus splendens	Panama, western Colombia and northwestern Ecuador	LC
Crimson-bellied woodpecker	Campephilus haematogaster	Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	LC
Red-necked woodpecker	Campephilus rubricollis	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.	LC
Robust woodpecker	Campephilus robustus	Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.	LC
Crimson-crested woodpecker	Campephilus melanoleucos	Panama south to northern border regions of Argentina, and on Trinidad.	LC
Guayaquil woodpecker	Campephilus gayaquilensis	southern Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru.	LC
Pale-billed woodpecker	Campephilus guatemalensis	northern Mexico to western Panama.	LC
Cream-backed woodpecker	Campephilus leucopogon	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and far northwestern Uruguay.	LC
Magellanic woodpecker	Campephilus magellanicus	southern Chile and southwestern Argentina	LC
Ivory-billed woodpecker	Campephilus principalis	Southern United States	CR
Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker	Campephilus principalis bairdii	Cuba	CR^[a]
(?†) Imperial woodpecker	Campephilus imperialis – possibly extinct (1956 – 2001)^[b]	Mexico	CR possibly EX

A fossil species, C. dalquesti, was described from bones found in Late Pleistocene deposits of Scurry County, Texas.^[7]

^ Shares its status with the nominate species
^ Declared extinct by the Federal Government of Mexico in 2001, but they have a recovery plan in the event of rediscovery.

^ "Picidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
^ Benz, Brett W.; Robbins, Mark B. & Peterson, A. Townsend (2006): Evolutionary history of woodpeckers and allies (Aves: Picidae): Placing key taxa on the phylogenetic tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 389–399. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.02.021
^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 54.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Shakya, S.B.; Fuchs, J.; Pons, J.M.; Sheldon, F.H. (2017). "Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 116: 182–191. Bibcode:2017MolPE.116..182S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005. PMID 28890006.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
^ "Systematics - Ivory-billed Woodpecker - Campephilus principalis - Birds of the World". birdsoftheworld.org. Retrieved 2025-03-07.